Re: Photo recovery
a program i've used in the past was photorec.exe
it would only recover jpg files though, so if you used raw formats, you were stuck that said, the program was from a time when RAW didn't really exist as an option for saving digital photos. no doubt there are more up-to-date alternatives.
as far as formatting goes, there are different types of format. a quick format (which is what is usually used) merely resets the file allocation table (FAT) which is the index used by the computer to find the 1's and 0's that make up the files. until you start over-writing these 1's and 0's, the data is still retrievable.
there are some utilities that will do a secure format / delete which go about overwriting all of the 1's and 0's on the drive / card, but these are not the standard.
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